Here are some helpful guides for selecting cabinet styles and materials based on what you wish to accomplish.
This article in Apartment Therapy discusses the types of cabinetry, as well as materials: Buyer's Guide to Choosing Cabinets.
These guides from Houzz go through the basic types of cabinets, cabinet construction styles, material types, finishes, and approximate costs:
Cabinets 101: How to Get the Storage You Want
Your Guide to Choosing Kitchen Cabinets
Specific to New York: